Due to an increase in maternal obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming more widespread all over the world. Although several procedures to screening for and diagnosing GDM have been published, there is no consensus on which methods are the most successful. GDM provides serious short- and long-term health risks to the mother, developing foetus, and children born to moms with GDM. The foetus is at risk for macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, and hypoglycemia in the immediate postpartum period.
The main cause for the GDM is not totally understood. Insulin resistance is a prominent aspect of the underlying disease; in general, pregnancy induces a number of maternal adaption processes that aid the embryo’s metabolic development and growth. It also increases the risk of preeclampsia and High blood pressure.
Gestational diabetes is caused by additional hormones released during pregnancy that can reduce the effectiveness of insulin, a condition known as insulin resistance. Symptoms of gestational diabetes go away after birth.
Due to GDM, there are various factors that affect the fetal growth, increase risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, Ophthalmic disease, Renal disease, Malignancies, prolonged labour or dystocia, Glucose intolerance, Neuropsychiatric morbidity and neurodevelopmental outcome and Ophthalmic disease in worth case scenario.
Due to an increase in maternal obesity, GDM is becoming more widespread all over the world. Several studies have discovered a link between GDM issues for both mother and child in the short and long term. GDM diagnosis and treatment prevent not just unfavourable maternal and prenatal outcomes, but also future diabetes in both the mother and the child.
